Table 4 Yields of recovered 5-HMF from wood (0.03 g; moisture content 4.8%) by vacuum steam distillation with [MIM]HSO4 (1 g) at 2.5 kPa.
Reaction temperature (°C) | Reaction time (min) | Yield (wt%) | Residue (wt%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
In trap | In [MIM]HSO4 | |||
160 | 15 | 14.9 | 1.3 | 35.7 |
160 | 30 | 16.4 | 0.1 | 38.1 |
160 | 45 | 17.5 | 0.1 | 38.4 |
180 | 10 | 14.1 | 0.6 | 49.6 |
180 | 20 | 12.2 | 0.1 | 45.8 |
180 | 30 | 12.2 | 0.0 | 37.0 |
200 | 5 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 52.1 |
200 | 10 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 53.9 |
200 | 15 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 55.7 |
