Figure 1
Targeting the central lateral (CL) nucleus and DTTm fiber pathway in healthy NHPs with scaled multi-contact DBS leads. (A) Coronal view of a gradient echo (GRE) image from the NHP MRI-DTI brain atlas used in this study (Calabrese et al., 2015) with cortical across consecutive trials53 hemisphere. CL is colored in red in the right hemisphere and the schematic outline of the scaled DBS lead (0.84 mm OD) illustrates the trajectory used to target CL and the DTTm fiber pathway. Shown is image 83 (148), − 9.3 mm from the anterior commissure, which can be found here: https://scalablebrainatlas.incf.org/macaque/CBCetal15. APUL—anterior pulvinar; CL—centrolateral thalamic nucleus; Cm-Pf—centromedian thalamic nucleus, lateral part; CM—centromedian thalamic nucleus, medial part; Hip—hippocampus; LGN—lateral geniculate nucleus; MDC—mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, central part; MDD—mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsal part; MDL—mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral part; MDM—mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, medial part; Pf—parafascicularus nucleus; Pu—putamen; R—reticular thalamic nucleus; VLM—ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, medial part; VPL—ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus; VPM—ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus; 1—area 1 of cortex (somatosensory); 3a—area 3a of cortex (somatosensory); 3b—area 3b of cortex (somatosensory). (B) Sagittal view of the T2 imaging used for surgical planning of DBS lead trajectories. Here one of the three six contact DBS leads (NuMed Inc.) implanted into the right thalamus of NHP3 is shown. The CL nucleus, shown in red, and the targeted fibers of the DTTm reconstructed from a high-resolution ex vivo dataset (see “Methods” section, Sani et al., 2019), shown in blue, illustrate the pathway of brainstem and anterior forebrain projections of fibers passing through and/or originating in the CL nucleus. The geometry of the CL nucleus spans ~ 5 mm A-P, 4 D-V, 1 mm M-L in the adult NHP.
