Figure 5

Effect of Au deposited on different metal oxide NPs on LPS induced TNF-α and IL-1β secretion by mouse peritoneal macrophages (a,b). Cells were incubated with culture media for 6 h (control condition, C) or LPS for 2 h, and then the following 4 h with LPS alone or LPS plus the different MOx or Au/MOx NPs (50 µg ml⁻¹). *Significantly different from C (p < 0.05), **significantly different from LPS 2 h—TiO₂ 4 h (p < 0.05), ^&significantly different from LPS 2 h—ZrO₂ 4 h (p < 0.05).