Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with ESRD according to all-cause mortality.

From: Epicardial adipose tissue radiodensity is associated with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis

 

Total (n = 221)

Non-survival (n = 82)

Survival (n = 139)

p value

Age (years)

64.88 ± 11.09

68.88 ± 9.68

62.52 ± 11.23

 < 0.001

Male n, (%)

107 (48.42%)

41 (50%)

66 (47.48%)

0.824

BMI (kg/m2)

22.43 (19.93, 25.04)

22.35 (19.9, 25.06)

22.57 (20.27, 24.87)

0.803

EAT volume (mL)

126.83 (84.75, 179.69)

138.23 (92.8, 203.13)

124.34 (80.4, 166.25)

0.169

EAT radiodensity (HU)

 − 73.72 ± 6.8

 − 72.88 ± 7.02

 − 74.22 ± 6.64

0.165

Hemodialysis duration, years

5 (1.6, 11.2)

5.15 (2.33, 12)

5 (1.5, 10.75)

0.332

Cormorbidities

Diabetes

105 (47.51%)

47 (57.32%)

58 (41.73%)

0.036

Smoking

83 (37.56%)

35 (42.68%)

48 (34.53%)

0.287

Previous PCI or CABG state

37 (16.74%)

22 (26.83%)

15 (10.79%)

0.004

Baseline LVEF (%)

60 (48, 66)

57 (45, 65)

61 (50, 67)

0.029

Relevant medications

Antiplatelet agent

151 (68.95%)

63 (76.83%)

88 (64.23%)

0.072

Aspirin

48 (21.92%)

23 (28.05%)

25 (18.25%)

 

P2Y12 inhibitor

36 (16.44%)

10 (12.2%)

26 (18.98%)

 

Cilostazol

3 (1.37%)

2 (2.44%)

1 (0.73%)

 

Dual antiplatelet

64 (29.22%)

28 (34.15%)

36 (26.28%)

 

Statin

120 (55.05%)

46 (56.1%)

74 (54.41%)

0.919

Beta-blocker

93 (42.66%)

39 (47.56%)

54 (39.71%)

0.320

ACE inhibitor or ARB

91 (41.74%)

33 (40.24%)

58 (42.65%)

0.836

Phosphate binder

169 (76.47%)

64 (78.05%)

105 (75.54%)

0.794

Calcium-free binder

46 (20.81%)

15 (18.29%)

31 (22.3%)

 

Calcium-based binder

123 (55.66%)

49 (59.76%)

74 (53.24%)

 

Laboratory data

Albumin (g/dL)

3.94 ± 0.52

3.8 (3.42, 4.18)

4 (3.75, 4.3)

0.002

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

137 (114.5, 162.5)

124 (109, 153)

142.5 (121, 167)

0.019

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

77 (56, 98)

70 (53.5, 92.5)

83.5 (63.75, 101.25)

0.031

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

10.46 ± 1.58

10.51 ± 1.59

10.43 ± 1.58

0.746

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.1 (8.5, 9.6)

9 (8.4, 9.6)

9.2 (8.6, 9.65)

0.113

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

4.61 ± 1.7

4.43 ± 1.81

4.71 ± 1.62

0.250

Calcium × phosphorus

40.67 (29.76, 51.33)

38.07 (27.13, 50.91)

41.85 (33.74, 51.86)

0.076

hs-CRP (mg/dL)

0.53 (0.12, 2.18)

0.87 (0.18, 3.37)

0.4 (0.1, 1.49)

0.026

Result of coronary CTA

Multi-vessel CAD

53 (23.98%)

23 (28.05%)

30 (21.58%)

0.355

Left main disease

4 (1.81%)

2 (2.44%)

2 (1.44%)

0.629

Subsequent invasive CAG

38 (17.19%)

18 (21.95%)

20 (14.39%)

0.544

Subsequent PCI

29 (13.12%)

10 (12.2%)

19 (13.67%)

0.914

Subsequent CABG

3 (1.36%)

1 (1.22%)

2 (1.44%)

 > 0.99

Duration of follow up (months)

29.63 (16.67, 44.7)

15.98 (7.9, 33.02)

33.87 (23.13, 50.48)

 < 0.001

  1. ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CAD coronary artery disease, CTA CT angiography, EAT epicardial adipose tissue, ESRD end-stage renal disease, HDL density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HU hounsfield unit, LDL low density lipoprotein, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.
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