Table 2 Presentation of lung function and CT findings 3 months after treatment for COVID-19.

From: Persistent pulmonary pathology after COVID-19 is associated with high viral load, weak antibody response, and high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9

 

All patients

Remdesivir versus its control

HCQ versus its control

(n = 108)

Remdesivir + SoC (n = 16)

SoC (n = 27)

HCQ + SoC (n = 40)

SoC (n = 47)

CAT-score

Score

8.0 (3.8, 12.3)

13.0 (8.5, 21.5)

7.0 (2.5, 10.5)

6.5 (2.25, 13.8)

8.0 (4.25, 10.0)

Score ≥ 10, n (%)

41 (41.3%)

9 (56.2)

7 (25.9)

13 (32.5)

11 (23.4)

Spirometry

FVC, L

3.68 (2.89, 4.48)

3.73 (3.07, 4.61)

4.25 (3.29, 4.57)

3.62 (2.84, 4.45)

3.60 (2.85, 4.37)

FVC, % of predicted

91.4 (81.3, 102.0)

89.4 (77.2, 97.0)

94.5 (83.9, 105.0)

90.3 (80.9, 98.3)

92.8 (83.0, 106.0)

FVC < LLN, n (%)

13.0 (12.0)

2 (12.5)

3 (11.1)

6 (15)

5 (10.6)

FEV1, L

2.92 (2.32, 3.51)

2.97 (2.39, 3.51)

3.10 (2.55, 3.57)

2.87 (2.37, 3.53)

2.84 (2.22, 3.45)

FEV1, % of predicted n (%)

90.3 (81.5, 100.0)

87.3 (79.9, 91.9)

98.0 (83.8, 102.0)

90.4 (82.0, 99.9)

92.5 (82.1, 102.0)

FEV1 < LLN, n (%)

15 (13.9)

2 (12.5)

3 (11.1)

6 (15.0)

6 (12.8)

FEV1/FVC, %

79.0 (74.0, 82.0)

79.0 (74.5, 81.0)

78.0 (73.0, 81.0)

80.0 (76.0, 82.8)

78.0 (73.0, 83.0)

Diffusion capacity

DLCO, mmol/kPa/min

6.82 (5.51, 8.42)

6.88 (5.45, 7.88)

7.56 (5.86, 8.71)

6.97 (5.82, 8.50)

6.48 (5.42, 8.19)

DLCO, % of predicted

84.7 (72.2, 94.1)

77.6 (67.3, 86.9)

83.4 (72.7, 95.9)

88.4 (71.4, 95.1)

85.1 (72.7, 93.1)

DLCO < LLN, n (%)

32 (29.6)

6 (37.5)

7 (25.9)

12 (30.0)

14 (29.8)

KCO, mmol/kPa/min/L

1.39 (1.23, 1.55)

1.36 (1.15, 1.52)

1.31 (1.15, 1.51)

1.43 (1.30, 1.54)

1.31 (1.10, 1.59)

KCO, % of predicted

97.4 (84.1, 107.0)

96.1 (78.1, 99.8)

92.8 (83.2, 104.0)

102.0 (92.0, 108.0)

92.8 (79.4, 107.0)

KCO < LLN, n (%)

14 (13.0)

3 (18.8)

4 (14.8)

3 (7.5)

8 (17.0)

Computed tomography

Possible reversible changes

 GGO, any, n (%)

43 (39.8)

6 (37.5)

13 (48.1)

17 (42.5)

17 (36.2)

 GGO > 10%, n (%)

19 (17.6)

2 (12.5)

4 (14.8)

11 (27.5)

6 (12.8)

 Mosaic pattern, any

26 (24.1)

7 (25.9)

1 (6.2)

11 (27.6)

12 (25.5)

Possible irreversible changes

 Parenchymal bands, any, n (%)

45 (41.7)

6 (37.5)

14 (51.9)

16 (40.0)

20 (42.6)

 Reticular pattern, any, n (%)

10 (9.3)

1 (6.2)

0 (0)

5 (12.5)

4 (8.5)

 Interlobular septal thickening, n (%)

16 (14.8)

2 (12.5)

3 (11.1)

9 (22.5)

4 (8.5)

 Consolidations, any, n (%)

5 (4.6)

2 (12.5)

0 (0)

2 (5.0)

1 (2.1)

 Bronchiectasis, any, n (%)

5 (4.6)

1 (6.2)

0 (0)

3 (7.5)

1 (2.1)

  1. Median (25th–75th percentile) unless otherwise specified.
  2. HCQ hydroxychloroquine, SoC standard of care, FVC forced vital capacity, LLN lower limit of normal, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the 1st second, DLCO diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, KCO transfer coefficient of the lungs for carbon monoxide, CAT-score the COPD assessment test, GGO ground-glass opacities.
  3. GGO ≥ 10% in ≥ one lung zone.
Back to article page