Figure. 1

Bone geometry and density comparison of a modern BAT+ and BAT− population living in a temperate area and cold adapted Fuegian skeletal remains. (A) Living subjects expressing Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT+) are not significantly different in terms of femoral geometry [height (h) standardized Cross sectional (CSA), Cortical Bone (CBA) and Endocortical Area (EndA)] compared to living subjects not expressing BAT (BAT−). Conversely, Fuegians CSA and CBA are lower, with EndA not being significantly different. (B–D) Height standardized CSA, CBA, and ENDa stratified by gender. (E) Living subjects expressing Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT+) are not significantly different in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) compared to living subjects not expressing BAT (BAT−) and the Fuegians at both lumbar and femoral level. LS, Lumbar spine; FN, Femoral Neck; TH, Total Hip; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.