Figure 4
From: Competition alters species’ plastic and genetic response to environmental change
Genetic contributions to phenotypic change along the different salinity conditions and in function of competition. Bars display the magnitude (i.e. effect size) of the genetic responses to salinity and their standard errors for Paramecium aurelia (a–c) and Spirostomum teres (d–f) evolved in the absence (blue colors) and presence (orange colors) of competing species for (a,d) biomass, quantified as bio-area, (b,e) cell shape, quantified as cell size ratio between the major and minor cell axis, and (c,f) dispersal ability, quantified as gross speed. For the competition treatment, only the P. aurelia populations evolved in the two highest salinity conditions reflect accurate estimates for genetic trait change in this analysis. In the lowest salinity conditions this component is confounded with a plasticity response to the presence of competing species (indicated by dashed bars). Darker colors indicate significant effects, with asterisks referring to the level of significance; *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001. Detailed partitioning into (ancestral) plasticity, mean trait evolution and evolution of plasticity can be found in Supplementary Figs. S5–S6. Summary of statistical results can be found in Tables S7and S8.
