Table 2 Description of the patients’ features.

From: Quantum deep reinforcement learning for clinical decision support in oncology: application to adaptive radiotherapy

Patient variable

Biological/clinical characteristics

References

IP10 (Cytokine/Signaling molecule)

IP10 (Interferon gamma-induced protein 10) is secreted in response to IFN-γ by various cells including monocytes, endothelial and fibroblasts. (i) Acts as chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK (natural killer) cells, and dendritic cells. (ii) Promotes T cell adhesion to endothelial cells. (iii) Antitumor activity (iv) Inhibition of bone marrow colony formation (v) Angiogenesis

36,37,38

GLSZM-ZSV (Tumor PET Imaging features/Radiomics)

Radiomics features: the zone-size variance (ZSV) feature of a gray-level size zone matrix (GLSZM) is defined as \(\frac{1}{{N_{g} \times L_{z} }}\mathop \sum \limits_{{N_{g} }}^{i = 1} \mathop \sum \limits_{{L_{z} }}^{j = 1} \left( {jp\left( {i,j} \right) - \mu_{j} } \right)^{2}\), refer to Appendix A5 of Ref.34 for the Notations

39

Tumor gEUD (tumor radiation)

Generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) of tumor converted from EQD2 (Equivalent Dose at standard 2 Gy per fraction) dose distribution: \(gEUD = \left( {\mathop \sum \limits_{i} \nu_{i} {\text{eqd}}_{2}^{a} } \right)^{\frac{1}{a}}\) and \({\text{eqd}}2 = N_{frac} \times d \times \frac{d + \alpha /\beta }{{2 + \alpha /\beta }}\) where \(\alpha /\beta\) = 10 Gy, is the radiation fractionation sensitivity of cell, a =  − 10 is an organ specific parameter, and \(\nu\) is the fractional organ volume obtained from the 3D dose distribution

40

Lung gEUD (lung radiation)

Generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) of lung converted from EQD2 (Equivalent Dose at standard 2 Gy per fraction) dose distribution: \(gEUD = \left( {\mathop \sum \limits_{i} \nu_{i} {\text{eqd}}_{2}^{a} } \right)^{\frac{1}{a}}\) and \({\text{eqd}}2 = N_{frac} \times d \times \frac{d + \alpha /\beta }{{2 + \alpha /\beta }}\) where \(\alpha /\beta\) = 4 Gy, and a = 1

40

Cxcr1-Rs2234671 (genetics)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene cxcr1, also known as Interleukin 8 receptor alpha (IL8RA), related to radiation induced toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer. SNP is a substitution of single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome via mutation

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  1. Description of the five features used to define patients’ state in the artificial radiation therapy environment of our framework.