Table 2 Factors of depression by using Cox regression.

From: Risk of depression in patients with oral cancer: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

Variables

Oral cancer versus non-cancer

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Oral cancer (vs Non-cancer)

2.181 (1.637–2.906)**

2.224 (1.641–3.013)**

Male (vs Female)

0.688 (0.481–0.983)*

0.687 (0.474–0.993)*

Age (vs 20–29 years old)

30–39

1.710 (0.647–4.520)

1.648 (0.618–4.393)

40–49

1.171 (0.461–2.974)

1.205 (0.469–3.095)

50–59

0.841 (0.335–2.107)

0.870 (0.341–2.215)

60–69

0.565 (0.222–1.438)

0.589 (0.228–1.523)

≧ 70

0.681 (0.273–1.697)

0.679 (0.267–1.727)

Insured premium (vs < 18,000 NT$)

18,000–34,999

0.921 (0.295–2.879)

0.971 (0.309–3.049)

DM (vs without)

0.648 (0.438–0.958)*

0.79 (0.525–1.188)

Hyperlipidemia (vs without)

0.435 (0.162–1.169)

0.428 (0.155–1.180)

Hypertension (vs without)

0.750 (0.538–1.045)

1.017 (0.709–1.457)

Alcohol abuse (vs without)

8.012 (4.109–15.625)**

10.63 (5.32–21.26)**

Stroke (vs without)

1.238 (0.833–1.841)

1.567 (1.034–2.375)*

COPD (vs without)

0.943 (0.575–1.548)

1.003 (0.597–1.686)

IHD (vs without)

0.757 (0.473–1.213)

1.108 (0.680–1.808)

Renal disease (vs without)

0.413 (0.183–0.930)*

0.519 (0.228–1.180)

Anxiety (vs without)

5.180 (1.657–16.193)*

5.978 (1.861–19.20)**

Sleep disorder (vs without)

4.209 (2.077–8.530)**

3.109 (1.497–6.457)**

Location (vs Northern Taiwan)

Middle Taiwan

0.981 (0.698–1.380)

Had collinearity with urbanization level

Southern Taiwan

0.909 (0.635–1.30)

Eastern Taiwan

2.048 (1.365–3.071)*

Outlets islands

1.097 (0.153–7.893)

Urbanization level (vs level 4, lowest)

1 (The highest)

0.800 (0.553–1.159)

0.859 (0.564–1.307)

2

0.790 (0.560–1.113)

0.889 (0.617–1.281)

3

0.562 (0.293–1.080)

0.590 (0.306–1.137)

Level of care (vs Local hospital)

Hospital center

0.683 (0.486–0.961)*

0.573 (0.384–0.855)*

Regional hospital

0.684 (0.495–0.945)*

0.697 (0.500–0.973)*

Length of days

1.021 (1.013–1.029)**

1.014 (1.006–1.022)**

Medical cost (NT$)

1.000 (1.000–1.001)*

Had collinearity with length of days

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Adjusted HR adjusted variables listed in the Table 1.
  2. NT$ New Taiwan Dollars, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IHD ischemic heart disease.
  3. *The pair of subsets showed a significant difference at p < 0.05.
  4. **The pair of subsets showed a significant difference at p < 0.001.
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