Table 2 Trends for crude and adjusted rate ratios for NICU admission among black and hispanic infants compared with white infants, 2008–2018.
From: Trends in neonatal intensive care unit admissions by race/ethnicity in the United States, 2008–2018
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NICU, all | 6.62 | 7.02 | 7.43 | 7.48 | 7.74 | 7.90 | 8.17 | 8.44 | 8.66 | 8.90 | 9.07 |
Black RR | 1.38 (1.36–1.40) | 1.40 (1.38–1.41) | 1.38 (1.37–1.40) | 1.42 (1.41–1.44) | 1.39 (1.38–1.41) | 1.37 (1.36–1.38) | 1.37 (1.36–1.39) | 1.38 (1.37–1.39) | 1.40 (1.39–1.41) | 1.40 (1.38–1.41) | 1.42 (1.40–1.43) |
Hispanic RR | 0.88 (0.86–0.88) | 0.91 (0.89–0.91) | 0.93 (0.91–0.93) | 0.96 (0.94–0.96) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 0.99 (0.97–0.99) | 0.99 (0.97–0.99) | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 1.01 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) |
Black ARR | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.05–1.05) | 1.05 (1.05–1.06) |
Hispanic ARR | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.03 (1.03–1.03) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.05–1.05) |
NICU, VLBW | 81.44 | 82.53 | 83.47 | 84.59 | 85.75 | 85.97 | 86.60 | 87.54 | 88.33 | 88.86 | 89.42 |
Black RR | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Hispanic RR | 0.91 (0.89–0.92) | 0.92 (0.91–0.93) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.94 (0.93–0.95) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
Black ARR | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
Hispanic ARR | 0.92 (0.91–0.93) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.94 (0.93–0.94) | 0.95 (0.94–0.95) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.97) | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) |
NICU, MLBW | 36.74 | 38.29 | 39.39 | 40.04 | 41.14 | 41.49 | 42.29 | 43.26 | 43.49 | 43.76 | 44.67 |
Black RR | 0.85 (0.83–0.86) | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | 0.84 (0.83–0.85) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | 0.86 (0.84–0.87) | 0.85 (0.84–0.87) | 0.86 (0.85–0.87) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.89 (0.88–0.89) |
Hispanic RR | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.91 (0.90–0.93) | 0.90 (0.89–0.92) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.93 (0.91–0.94) | 0.94 (0.93–0.95) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) |
Black ARR | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) |
Hispanic ARR | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.98–0.98) | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
NICU, NHBW | 3.47 | 3.79 | 4.10 | 4.12 | 4.35 | 4.47 | 4.70 | 4.88 | 5.05 | 5.23 | 5.36 |
Black RR | 1.12 (1.09–1.14) | 1.15 (1.13–1.17) | 1.17 (1.15–1.19) | 1.19 (1.17–1.21) | 1.16 (1.14–1.17) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | 1.15 (1.13–1.17) | 1.14 (1.12–1.15) | 1.15 (1.14–1.17) | 1.15 (1.13–1.16) | 1.15 (1.14–1.16) |
Hispanic RR | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) | 0.91 (0.90–0.93) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
Black ARR | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 1.08 (1.07–1.08) | 1.08 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) |
Hispanic ARR | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.04–1.05) | 1.05 (1.05–1.06) | 1.06 (1.06–1.06) | 1.07 (1.06–1.07) | 1.07 (1.07–1.08) | 1.08 (1.08–1.09) | 1.09 (1.08–1.09) |
