Table 4 Risk factors for low bone mineral density among patients with atopic dermatitis by sex.
From: Bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in young adults with atopic dermatitis
Male AD patients (n = 414,910) | P | Female AD patients (n = 402,104) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal BMD | Low BMD | Normal BMD | Low BMD | |||
Total cases, n (%) | 399,326 (96.2) | 15,584 (3.8) | 376,185 (93.6) | 25,919 (6.4) | ||
Age at diagnosis of AD, years (median, IQR) | 22.9 (11.3–34.8) | 19.6 (8.7–36.4) | < 0.001 | 21.8 (11.0–29.6) | 14.0 (12.5–15.5) | < 0.001 |
Duration of AD, years (median, IQR) | 9.4 (4.6–18.9) | 3 (3–19.4) | 0.284 | 10.4 (5.2–19.1) | 31.8 (31.2–32.4) | < 0.001 |
Atopy treatment, n (%) | 110,595 (30.4) | 1,992 (12.8) | 0.335 | 64,874 (18.8) | 0 (0) | – |
BMI (mean ± SE), kg/m2 | 24.0 (0.28) | 23.0 (1.19) | 0.013 | 22.4 ± 0.32 | 21.4 ± 0.74 | < 0.001 |
Education | 0.748 | 0.009 | ||||
≤ High school | 205,387 (51.4) | 9,338 (59.9) | 172,131 (45.8) | 23,603 (91.1) | ||
College or more | 193,940 (48.6) | 6,245 (40.1) | 204,054 (54.2) | 2316 (8.9) | ||
Monthly family income (quartile), n (%) | 0.331 | – | ||||
Lowest | 98,277 (24.7) | 7,732 (49.6) | 112,844 (30.0) | 2,053 (7.9) | ||
Lower middle | 103,881 (26.1) | 835 (5.4) | 62,343 (16.6) | 0 (0) | ||
Higher middle or highest | 195,498 (49.2) | 7,016 (45.0) | 200,998 (53.4) | 23,866 (92.1) | ||
Residence area, n (%) | 0.018 | – | ||||
Urban | 368,884 (92.4) | 9,084 (58.3) | 320,239 (85.1) | 25,919 (100) | ||
Rural | 30,442 (7.6) | 6,499 (41.7) | 55,946 (14.9) | 0 (0) | ||
Alcohol, n (%) | 0.735 | – | ||||
Never drinker | 20,780 (5.2) | 1,233 (7.9) | 35,796 (9.5) | 0 (0) | ||
Ex-/current drinker | 378,546 (94.8) | 14,351 (92.1) | 340,389 (90.5) | 25,919 (100) | ||
Smoking, n (%) | 0.295 | – | ||||
Never smoker | 92,113 (23.1) | 1,606 (10.3) | 69,545 (18.5) | 0 (0) | ||
Ex-/current smoker | 307,214 (76.9) | 13,978 (89.7) | 306,640 (81.5) | 25,919 (100) | ||
Moderate exercise, n (%) | 0.870 | 0.600 | ||||
Yes | 37,724 (9.4) | 1,233 (7.9) | 55,434 (14.7) | 2,053 (7.9) | ||
No | 361,602 (90.6) | 14,351 (92.1) | 320,751 (85.3) | 238,66 (92.1) | ||
Vitamin D level, ng/dL (median, IQR) | 16.8 (13.5–21.3) | 32.1 (26.0–33.7) | < 0.001 | 15.2 (11.9–18.9) | 14.4 (12.9–15.9) | < 0.001 |
Age at menarche, years (median, IQR) | – | – | – | 12.8 (11.6–14.0) | 15.0 (13.5–16.5) | < 0.001 |
OCP use, n (%) | – | – | – | 36,598 (10.2) | 2,053 (7.9) | 0.840 |
Pregnancy experience, n (%) | – | – | – | 203,388 (56.5) | 25,919 (100) | – |
Number of pregnancies, (median, IQR) | – | – | – | 0.8 (0–2.3) | 2.2 (2.5–2.8) | < 0.001 |
