Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort.

Demographics

Females (n, %))

47 (53%)

48 (49%)

0.650^a

38 (54%)

32 (52%)

0.759^a

Age

66.6 ± 10.3

67.0 ± 8.3

0.790^b

66.1 ± 10.3

65.8 ± 8.1

0.853^b

BMI

28.0 ± 4.7

27.2 ± 4.9

0.272^b

27.5 ± 4.6

26.7 ± 4.8

0.376^b

Education (years)

15.4 ± 2.6

14.8 ± 2.6

0.129^b

15.4 ± 2.6

14.7 ± 2.8

0.131^b

Parkinson’s and other clinical metrics

Disease duration

–

6.5 ± 6.5

–

–

5.3 ± 4.9

–

LEDD

–

686 ± 450

–

–

701 ± 443

–

MDS UPDRS I

3.7 ± 3.8

9.7 ± 7.2

 < 0.001^b

3.5 ± 3.5

7.8 ± 6.0

 < 0.001^b

MDS UPDRS II

0.5 ± 1.0

10.3 ± 9.7

 < 0.001^b

0.4 ± 0.1

7.6 ± 6.9

 < 0.001^b

MDS UPDRS III

4.7 ± 5.5

27.2 ± 20.1

 < 0.001^b

4.2 ± 4.1

21.7 ± 13.3

 < 0.001^b

MDS UPDRS IV

–

2.3 ± 3.2

–

–

2.4 ± 3.1

–

FOG-Q

–

6.1 ± 5.4

–

–

5.2 ± 4.8

–

UPSIT

32.1 ± 6.5

19.2 ± 7.5

 < 0.001^b

44.2 ± 5.5

61.4 ± 20.8

 < 0.001^b

PDQ-39

44.6 ± 7.7

67.3 ± 4.7

 < 0.001^b

32.8 ± 6.2

19.0 ± 7.8

 < 0.001^b

MOCA

25.4 ± 2.4

23.8 ± 3.8

 < 0.001^b

25.5 ± 2.5

24.5 ± 3.0

0.047^b

ESS

5.8 ± 3.8

7.9 ± 4.7

0.001^b

5.8 ± 3.6

7.1 ± 4.4

0.076^b

Depression-related metrics

SSRI/SNRI use

7 (8%)

31 (32%)

 < 0.001^a

4 (6%)

16 (26%)

0.001^a

HDRS

2.7 ± 3.2

6.1 ± 4.9

 < 0.001^b

2.8 ± 3.3

5.1 ± 4.5

0.002^b

HARS

4.0 ± 4.3

8.2 ± 6.2

 < 0.001^b

4.2 ± 4.4

6.9 ± 5.8

0.003^b