Figure 1

(A) Schematic representation of the reduced functional connectivity strength in Parkinson’s disease patients with probable REM sleep behavior disorder (PD-pRBD) compared with healthy controls (HC) in the whole-brain analysis consisting of sixteen edges found to be significantly different between groups. Lighter colors represent nodes connected to a greater number of altered connections. Comparison using threshold-free network-based statistics (p < 0.001, FWE corrected) with sex and maximum translation as covariate. (B) Summary of the altered edges in PD-pRBD represented in panel A classified in cortico-cortical and cortico-deep gray matter connections. The altered edges are classified in types according to the structures of the nodes involved. To see a more detailed list with the specific edges and their corresponding node pairs see Supplementary Table 4. In parentheses the number of connections of corresponding to each type, e.g. in “R Insular gyrus–L Cingulate gyrus (2)” indicates two altered connections of this type. Regions were defined based on the Brainnetome Atlas (see Supplementary Methods 1). (C) Shows the normalized characteristic path length (nCPL) increment in PD-pRBD patients compared with Parkinson’s disease patients without probable REM sleep behavior disorder (PD-non pRBD). Normalized characteristic path length (vertical axis) as a function of sparsity thresholds (horizontal axis) for PD-pRBD and PD-non pRBD. (*) indicate significant differences between PD-non pRBD and PD-pRBD. Brain plots were created with Surf Ice (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/surfice/). L left, R right.