Table 2 Neuropsychological performance of PD-non pRBD, PD-pRBD and HC.

From: Disrupted functional connectivity in PD with probable RBD and its cognitive correlates

Test

PD-non pRBD

PD-pRBD

HC

Test stat (p-value)

MMSE

29.06 (1.24)

28.07 (2.93)

29.13 (0.94)

3.265 (0.043)

Digit span

Forward

5.38 (1.21)

5.44 (1.28)

5.57 (1.33)

0.675 (0.512)

Backward

3.97 (1.00)

4.11 (1.34)

4.10 (0.92)

0.298 (0.743)

Forward minus backward

1.41 (1.41)

1.33 (1.21)

1.47 (0.90)

0.210 (0.811)

Phonetic fluency "p"

15.47 (6.04)

6.04 (5.29)

15.77 (5.96)

1.368 (0.260)

Semantic fluency "animals"

16.94 (6.51)

15.07 (7.73)

20.57 (4.08)

6.136 (0.003)a

Stroop

Word

89.74 (17.42)

78.26 (23.32)

97.07 (15.39)

8.309 (0.001)a,b

Color

56.32 (13.83)

47.92 (16.25)

64.30 (9.90)

7.431 (0.001)a

Word–Color

34.55 (11.80)

26.96 (13.42)

37.03 (9.09)

5.918 (0.004)a,b

TMT

A

51.63 (35.24)

85.11 (98.20)

38.93 (10.85)

6.022 (0.004)a,b

B

146.43 (143.93)

189.50 (215.69)

95.87 (46.23)

3.394 (0.039)a

B minus A

96.07 (115.84)

138.73 (196.38)

56.93 (39.83)

3.038 (0.054)a

SDMT

41.91 (14.79)

37.37 (18.38)

47.50 (8.47)

3.792 (0.026)a

RAVLT

Total

44.06 (10.38)

38.96 (11.38)

46.00 (6.21)

3.246 (0.044)a

Recall

8.22 (3.66)

7.56 (3.46)

9.43 (2.06)

2.088 (0.130)

True recognition

13.22 (2.76)

13.44 (1.72)

14.13 (1.31)

1.591 (0.210)

JLO

23.81 (5.72)

22.00 (6.87)

25.20 (3.40)

5.537 (0.005)a

BVFD

29.44 (2.61)

27.93 (4.11)

29.17 (2.35)

2.534 (0.085)

BFRT-short

21.66 (2.62)

20.96 (2.89)

23.17 (1.97)

5.631 (0.005)a

BNT

13.56 (1.22)

13.48 (1.01)

13.67 (0.88)

0.970 (0.383)

  1. Data are presented as mean (SD) of raw scores. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) with sex as covariate, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
  2. PD-non pRBD Parkinson’s disease patients without probable REM sleep behavior disorder, PD-pRBD Parkinson’s disease patients with probable REM sleep behavior disorder, HC healthy controls, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, TMT Trail Making Test, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test,  RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, JLO Benton Judgment of Line Orientation, BVFD Benton Visual Form Discrimination, BFRT Benton Facial Recognition Test, BNT Boston Naming Test.
  3. aPost-hoc differences between PD-pRBD and HC (p < 0.05).
  4. bPost-hoc differences between PD-pRBD and PD-non pRBD (p < 0.05).