Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with Acute Kidney Injury at hospital admission.
Variable | General N = 870 | Non-survival N = 544 | Survival N = 326 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex (%) | 595 (69) | 383 (71) | 212 (65) | 0.1 |
Age | 63 2 ± 14.8 | 65.1 ± 13.8 | 59.2 ± 16.1 | 0.0001 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 135(15.5) | 94 (17.3) | 41 (12.6) | 0.038 |
Obesity | 278 (31.9) | 199 (36.6) | 79 (24.2) | 0.0001 |
Condition at admission n (%) | ||||
Mild | 121 (13.9) | 36 (6.6) | 85 (26.2) | 0.0001 |
Moderate | 384 (44.1) | 237 (43.6) | 147 (45.2) | |
Severe | 363 (41.7) | 270 (49.7) | 93 (28.6) | |
Laboratory exams at hospital admission | ||||
White blood cell count (mm3) | 11,807 ± 5518 | 12,607 ± 6578 | 10,439 ± 2585 | 0.0001 |
Lymphocytes/mm3 | 862 ± 258 | 850 ± 201 | 871 ± 287 | 0.02 |
Ferritine (ng/ml) | 1285 ± 1021 | 1435 ± 1126 | 1055 ± 1022 | 0.0001 |
CK (U/L) | 411 (289–534) | 744 (576 -1433) | 414(227–602) | 0.004 |
D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 1,132 ± 310 | 1,298 ± 337 | 1,030 ± 202 | 0.5 |
Time from COVID symptoms to hospitalization (days) | 4.0 (1.0–6.0) | 2 (0.0–3.0) | 5.0 (1.0–6.0) | 0.18 |
Hospital-acquired AKI n (%) | 547 (62.8) | 399 (74.0) | 148 (48.2) | 0.0001 |
Cause of AKI n (%) | ||||
Hypovolemia | 311 (35.7) | 156 (28.7) | 155 (47.59 | 0.0001 |
MODS SARS-CoV2 | 515 (59.2) | 376 (69.1) | 139 (42.6) | 0.0001 |
MODS sepsis | 254 (29.2) | 207 (38.1) | 47 (14.4) | 0.0001 |
Nephrotoxic drugs | 182 (20.9) | 99 (18.2) | 83 (25.5) | 0.007 |
Oliguric AKI (%) | 336 (38.6) | 259 (48.3) | 77 (25.0) | 0.0001 |
Scr peak mg/dL | 3.88 (2.5–5.1) | 4.30 (2.9–6.3) | 3.17 (2.1–4.1) | 0.0001 |
Kidney replacement therapy (%) | 402 (46.2) | 315 (58.0) | 87 (27.0) | 0.0001 |
Non-recovery of renal function | 533 (61.3) | 462 (88.5) | 71 (23.7) | 0.0001 |
Duration of kidney replacement therapy (days) | 12.4 (6.89–16.90) | 8.19 (4.98—10.12) | 16.5 (11.7–21.20 | 0.0001 |
Admission to ICU (%) | 622 (71.5) | 484 (88.9) | 138 (42.3) | 0.0001 |
Mechanical ventilation (%) | 628 (72.2) | 492 (90.6) | 136 (42.1) | 0.0001 |
Use of vasopressors (%) | 527 (60) | 432 (82) | 95 (29) | 0.0001 |
Minimum PaO2/FiO2 | 159 ± 66 | 140 ± 46 | 190 ± 82 | 0.0001 |
New onset of proteinuria | 163 (18.7) | 106 (32.8) | 57 (24.1) | 0.015 |
New onset of hematuria | 133(15.3) | 101 (30.9) | 32 (13.7) | 0.0001 |
Last available Scr mg/dL | 3.18(1.54–3.83) | 3.74(1.74–4.02) | 2.17(1.31–2.90) | 0.0001 |
Complications (%) | ||||
Sepsis | 439 (50.4) | 360 (67.2) | 79 (25.1) | 0.0001 |
Infection | 76 (8.73) | 22 (4.3) | 54 (17.4) | 0.0001 |
other complications | 161 (18.5) | 51 (9.9) | 110 (34.9) | 0.0001 |
Hospital stay (days) | 19.6 (13.8–23.9) | 16.2 (12.6–18.5) | 21.6 (15.5–26.1) | 0.0001 |
Time from COVID symptoms to AKI (days) | 5.0 (1.0–8.0) | 4 (1.0–6.0) | 7.0 (0.0–3.5) | 0.18 |
