Table 1 Coefficients for the different nationalities in the binomial regression model for all kicks taken in penalty shootouts faced by goalkeepers during World Cup and European Championship matches (123 of 473 penalty kicks were missed against 71 different goalkeepers in the analyzed time periods).

From: English goalkeepers are not responsible for England’s poor performance in penalty shootouts in the past

Country

Estimate

SE

z

p

Odds Ratio

Other (intercept)

−1.066

0.161

−6.630

 < 0.001

0.344

England

−0.202

0.410

−0.494

0.622

0.817

Germany

0.412

0.378

1.091

0.275

1.510

Spain

−0.187

0.432

−0.432

0.666

0.830

Italy

−0.033

0.370

−0.088

0.930

0.968

Netherlands

−0.657

0.511

−1.284

0.199

0.519

Brazil

0.961

0.487

1.973

0.048*

2.613

Argentina

0.624

0.457

1.367

0.172

1.867

France

−0.400

0.481

−0.833

0.405

0.670

  1. The p values marked bold represent significant results (p < 0.05).
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