Table 2 Coefficients for the different nationalities in the binomial regression model for all in-game penalty kicks faced by goalkeepers during World Cup and European Championship matches (48 of 237 penalty kicks were missed against 142 different goalkeepers in the analyzed time periods). In the analyzed time periods, Brazilian goalkeepers saved none of the in-game penalty kicks they faced.

From: English goalkeepers are not responsible for England’s poor performance in penalty shootouts in the past

Country

Estimate

SE

z

p

Odds Ratio

Other (intercept)

−1.459

0.203

−7.196

 < 0.001

0.233

England

0.206

0.827

0.249

0.803

1.229

Germany

0.360

0.612

0.588

0.556

1.433

Spain

0.948

0.758

1.251

0.211

2.580

Italy

1.053

0.677

1.557

0.120

2.867

Netherlands

0.072

0.816

0.089

0.929

1.075

Brazil

−15.444

1419.487

−0.011

0.991

0.000

Argentina

−0.333

1.099

−0.303

0.762

0.717

France

−0.333

0.790

−0.422

0.673

0.717

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