Table 5 Coefficients for the different nationalities in the binomial regression model for all penalty kicks (shootouts and in-game) faced by goalkeepers during World Cup, European Championship, Champions League, and Europa League matches (597 of 2,379 penalty kicks were missed against 629 different goalkeepers in the analyzed time periods).

From: English goalkeepers are not responsible for England’s poor performance in penalty shootouts in the past

Country

Estimate

SE

z

p

Odds Ratio

Other (intercept)

−1.117

0.065

−17.093

 < 0.001

0.327

England

0.035

0.267

0.131

0.896

1.035

Germany

0.394

0.164

2.406

0.016*

1.482

Spain

0.128

0.160

0.799

0.424

1.137

Italy

−0.055

0.216

−0.253

0.800

0.947

Netherlands

−0.340

0.236

−1.441

0.149

0.712

Brazil

0.029

0.218

0.133

0.895

1.029

Argentina

0.312

0.299

1.044

0.296

1.367

France

−0.270

0.205

−1.313

0.189

0.764

  1. The p values marked bold represent significant results (p < 0.05).
Back to article page