Table 1 Effects of physcion and COS, alone or in combination, on root and leaf development of maize seedlingsZ.

From: Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates the growth inhibition caused by physcion and synergistically enhances resilience in maize seedlings

Treatment

Plant height (cm)

Projected leaf area (cm2)

Total root length (cm)

Total root surface area (cm2)

Average root diameter (mm)

CK

33.04 ± 0.40b

64.45 ± 1.37b

1171.17 ± 11.85c

130.16 ± 1.83d

0.329 ± 0.004d

Physcion

27.68 ± 0.49c

51.01 ± 0.73d

1315.04 ± 8.98b

152.65 ± 1.35c

0.381 ± 0.006b

COS

35.36 ± 0.57a

74.74 ± 0.76a

1415.41 ± 11.67a

162.42 ± 2.02b

0.360 ± 0.001c

Physcion + COS

31.92 ± 0.36b

58.53 ± 1.04c

1425.37 ± 8.58a

176.22 ± 2.41a

0.413 ± 0.006a

  1. ZData are means ± standard error of five independent experiments with two replicates in each experiment. The values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05 significance level according to the Duncan’s multiple ranges test. physcion + COS represent the combination of physcion and COS.
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