Table 1 SNPs of language-related genes hypothesized to be associated with language proficiency that we examined in the present study.
From: Contributions of common genetic variants to specific languages and to when a language is learned
Gene | SNP | Population | Phenotype | Major allele | Minor allele | References | Total N of cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP2C2 | rs11860694 | Majority European (UK) | Non-word repetition in English in SLI individuals | G = 0.76 | C = 0.24 | 879 | |
CEP63 | rs7619451 | European (Swedish) | Reading comprehension in dyslexic individuals | G = 0.82 | T = 0.18 | 801 | |
CMIP | rs6564903 | Majority European (UK) | Non-word repetition in English in SLI individuals | C = 0.80 | T = 0.20 | 876 | |
CNTNAP2 | rs2538976 | Majority European (UK) | SLI diagnosis in English | T = 0.54 | C = 0.46 | 881 | |
European (Australian) | Early communicative behaviour scores in English in SLI individuals | Â | Â | ||||
CNTNAP2 | rs2538991 | European (UK) | SLI diagnosis in English | C = 0.64 | A = 0.36 | 880 | |
COMT | rs4680 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Immediate memory, visuospatial and language scores in Chinese | G = 0.72 | A = 0.28 | 871 | |
DCDC2 | rs1087266 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | A = 0.59 | G = 0.41 | 739 | |
DCDC2 | rs2274305 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | C = 0.81 | T = 0.19 | 791 | |
DCDC2 | rs3765502 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | T = 0.58 | C = 0.42 | 765 | |
DCDC2 | rs4599626 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | C = 0.83 | A = 0.17 | 750 | |
DCDC2 | rs6456593 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | C = 0.63 | G = 0.37 | 738 | |
DCDC2 | rs6940827 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Chinese | G = 0.82 | A = 0.18 | 766 | |
DCDC2 | rs807724 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | T = 0.96 | C = 0.04 | 763 | |
East Asian (Han Chinese) | Reading fluency, character reading, morphological production and tone deletion in Chinese | Â | Â | ||||
Majority European (UK) | Dyslexia diagnosis in English | Â | Â | ||||
European (UK) | Single word reading and non-word repetition in English | Â | Â | ||||
KIAA0319 | rs9461045 | Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | T = 0.62 | C = 0.38 | 807 | |
Majority European (UK) | Forced word choice test, irregular word coding, and single-word spelling in English in dyslexic individuals | Â | Â | ||||
European (UK) | Single word reading and non-word repetition in English | Â | Â | ||||
Majority European (UK) | Forced word choice test, irregular word coding, single-word reading and single-word spelling in English | Â | Â | ||||
DGKI | rs889869 | European (German) | Dyslexia diagnosis in German | G = 0.84 | A = 0.16 | 809 | |
DIP2A | rs2255526 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Chinese | A = 0.78 | G = 0.22 | 755 | |
DYX1C1 | rs3743205 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | One minute reading, digit rapid naming, non-word repetition and left–right reversal in Chinese | C = 0.97 | T = 0.03 | 813 | |
DYX1C1 | rs57809907 | Majority European (UK) | Forced word choice test in English in SLI individuals | C = 0.99 | A = 0.01 | 811 | |
DRD2 | rs1800497 | European (US) | Artificial grammar learning | G = 0.60 | A = 0.41 | 816 | |
DYX1C1 | rs11629841 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Character dictation and orthographic judgment in Chinese | T = 0.96 | G = 0.05 | 764 | |
FOXP2 | rs1852469 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Diagnosis of speech sound disorder in Chinese | A = 0.69 | T = 0.31 | 756 | |
FOXP2 | rs2396722 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Diagnosis of speech sound disorder in Chinese | T = 0.51 | C = 0.49 | 739 | |
FOXP2 | rs6980093 | European (Italian) | Semantic fluency and single-word reading in Italian in dyslexic individuals | A = 0.62 | G = 0.38 | 865 | |
KIAA0319 | rs3756821 | East Asian (Uyghur) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Uyghur | C = 0.77 | T = 0.23 | 798 | |
East Asian (Han Chinese) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Chinese | Â | Â | ||||
Majority European (US) | General reading skills and text reading in English in SLI individuals | Â | Â | ||||
KIAA0319 | rs4504469 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Chinese | C = 0.87 | T = 0.13 | 804 | |
Asian (Indians) | Dyslexia diagnosis in Hindi | Â | Â | ||||
Majority European (US) | General reading skills in English | Â | Â | ||||
Majority European (UK) | Dyslexia diagnosis in English | Â | Â | ||||
KIAA0319 | rs807507 | East Asian (Han Chinese) | Onset detection test in Chinese in dyslexic individuals | G = 0.80 | C = 0.20 | 809 | |
ROBO1 | rs6803202 | Majority European (Australian) | Non-word repetition in English | C = 0.59 | T = 0.41 | 784 | |
S100B | rs9722 | European (German) | Spelling test in German | G = 0.68 | A = 0.32 | 797 |
