Figure 4

Cellular apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. (A) Representative TUNEL fluorescence images of HCECs and HCjECs treated with 100 μg/mL of TiO2, CB, ZnO, and SiO2 NPs for 6 h. (B) Percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in HCECs. (C) Percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in HCjECs. Cell nuclei are labeled with DAPI (blue) and TUNEL positive cells fluoresced red. Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation values of three independent experiments, each of which was carried out in triplicate. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.001 vs. untreated controls.