Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of pulmonary TB patients enrolled.

From: Sputum microbiota profiles of treatment-naïve TB patients in Uganda before and during first-line therapy

Variable

Patients, n = 106a (%)

Proportion by gender (%)

Female, n = 38 (36)

Male, n = 68 (64)

HIV status

Positive

23 (22)

10 (44)

13 (57)

Negative

83 (78)

28 (34)

55 (66)

Chest X-ray

Cavities

69 (65)

25 (36)

44 (64)

No cavities

37 (35)

13

24

Medication

HIV-positive on ART

16 (60)

8 (50)

8 (50)

History of antibiotics use

22 (18.3)

8 (36)

14 (64)

Othersb

23 (19.2)

11 (48)

12 (52)

None reported

45 (42)

11

34

Comorbidity

Hypertension

10 (9)

2 (20)

8 (80)

Smoking

26 (25)

1 (4)

25 (96)

Consume alcohol

40 (38)

11 (28)

29 (73)

None reported

30 (28)

24

6

BMI

Low (≤ 18)

59 (56)

19 (32)

40 (68)

Medium (≥ 19–25)

43 (41)

16 (37)

27 (63)

High (≥ 26–29)

4 (4)

3 (8)

1 (2)

Highest level of education

None

6 (6)

5 (83)

1 (17)

Primary

21 (20)

9 (43)

12 (57)

Secondary (O’ / A’ levels)

79 (75)

24 (30)

55 (70)

District of residence

Kampala

61 (58)

24 (39)

37 (61)

Wakiso

35 (33)

12 (34)

23 (66)

Othersc

10 (9)

2 (20)

8 (80)

Ancestry

Bantu

92 (87)

30 (33)

62 (67)

Non-Bantu

14 (13)

8 (57)

6 (43)

Employment status

Employed

94 (89)

31 (33)

63 (67)

Not employed

12 (11)

9 (75)

3 (25)

Conventional TB diagnostics

AFB

No AFB

16 (15)

7 (44)

9 (56)

Scanty

17 (16)

6 (35)

11 (65)

1 + AFB

10 (9)

2 (20)

8 (80)

2 + AFB

29 (27)

12 (41)

17 (59)

3 + AFB

34 (32)

11 (32)

23 (68)

Xpert MTB/RIF

Positive

106

35

71

Negative

NA

NA

NA

LJ culture

Positive (%)

83 (78.3)

23 (28)

60 (72)

Negative (%)

23 (22)

15 (65)

8 (35)

Sampling point (month)

0 (baseline before treatment)

106 (100)

46 (43.4)

60 (56.6)

2 (1st treatment response follow-up)d

44 (41.5)

15 (34.1)

29 (65.9)

5 (2nd treatment response follow-up)c

41 (38.7)

16 (39)

25 (61)

  1. ART antiretroviral treatment, AFB acid fast bacilli, BMI body mass index, LJ Lowenstein-Jensen medium, NA not applicable.
  2. aFourteen baseline samples were removed due to poor sequence quality leaving 106 patients (one sample per patient) with sequences that were analysed (120 − 14 = 106).
  3. bRefers to medicines other than antibiotics and antiretrovirals (ARVs).
  4. cRefers to participants staying in districts other than Kampala and Wakiso.
  5. dOf the 106 patients enrolled and sampled at baseline, the available samples from treatment response monitoring at months 2 and 5 represented 30 patients i.e., 44 and 41, respectively.
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