Table 3 Apoptosis study on nanoparticle treatment.

From: Characterization of cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and rituximab-linked surfaces as target-specific injectable nano-formulations for combating cancer

Group

Concentration (µg/mL)

Viable cells (%)

Early apoptosis (%)

Late apoptosis (%)

Secondary necrosis (%)

Control

–

86.33 ± 4.3

6 ± 2.0

4 ± 2.0

3.66 ± 1.0

Cisplatin

4.0

60.33 ± 4.5

28.66 ± 2.3***

6.66 ± 3.0***

4.33 ± 0.5ns

Cisplatin

8.0

20.66 ± 3.5$$

26.66 ± 2.8***

39.33 ± 2.0

13.33 ± 3.5

CCNP

3.5

59.33 ± 8.02ns

28.33 ± 5.1ns#

9 ± 4.5 ns

3.66 ± 2.0ns

CCNP

7.0

23 ± 5.0ns#

24.33 ± 6.6**

40.66 ± 6.0***

12.33 ± 5.1ns#

  1. Each value is the mean of 3 batches (n = 3) with a standard deviation by performing one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (post hoc test).
  2. ns Non-significant when compared to control sample at p > 0.05; ns# Non-significant when compared to cisplatin concentration of 8.0 µg/mL at p > 0.05; $$ Significant when compared to when compared to cisplatin concentration of 4.0 µg/mL and control sample at p < 0.001; **Significant when compared to control sample at p < 0.01; ***Significant when compared to control sample at p < 0.001; CCNP: Cisplatin loaded chitosan nanoparticles.
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