Figure 1

Markers of inflammation in skeletal muscle. Gene expression of inflammatory markers was assessed by RTqPCR in human (a) and murine (b) skeletal muscle. Data are given as normalized log2-fold changes compared to the median of the respective control groups as reference. Plots for human data represent n = 10 of matched subjects per group (for characterization see Suppl. Table 2), and plots for animal data represent n = 5–6 animals per group. Representative staining and semiquantitative assessment of CD68 in muscle tissue of patients (c) shows differences in number of macrophages (*p < 0.05, χ2-test). Arrows indicate exemplary CD68 positive cells (brownish coloring). CD control diet, CD/Cd68 cluster of differentiation 68, HFD high-fat diet, CCL chemokine C–C motif ligand, IR insulin resistance, MPO myeloperoxidase, RTqPCR quantitative real-time PCR, *p < 0.05.