Table 8 LCC inputs of the four life cycle stages (data source: the Alibaba website).

From: Integration of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing for the eco-design of rubber products

LC stages

Item

Price

Units

Production

NR

11,760

¥/t

CR

32,000

¥/t

SBR

9500

¥/t

BR

11,300

¥/t

Sulfur

8000

¥/t

Accelerator CZ

22,000

¥/t

Accelerator DM

16,800

¥/t

Accelerator NS

27,500

¥/t

Zinc oxide

18,600

¥/t

Stearic acid

8600

¥/t

Carbon black

6800

¥/t

Tackifying resin

11,400

¥/t

Antiager

19,400

¥/t

Paraffin

7800

¥/t

Anti-scorching agent

27,500

¥/t

Magnesium oxide

6800

¥/t

Adhesive

15,500

¥/t

Silica

5800

¥/t

Silane coupling agent

26,000

¥/t

Aromatic oil

5200

¥/t

Steel wire

3700

¥/t

Electricity (production) Ningbo

0.6644

¥/kWh

Transportation

Transport (Ningbo to Qingdao)

5010

¥

Use stage

Water (use stage)

5.4

¥/m3

Diesel (use stage)

5.3

¥/L

End-of-life

Transport (waste)

410

¥

Reclaimed rubber

− 3000

¥/t

Waste steel wire

− 2750

¥/t

Electricity (end-of-life) Qingdao

0.725

¥/kWh

Diesel (end-of-life)

5.3

¥/L

  1. ¥ is Chinese Yuan (CNY).