Table 5 Processing speed: Hedge’s g effect sizes for each test, in descending order.

Test name	N studies	N CFS	N controls	Hedges'g	S.E	95% CI	p value	Q	p	I² (%)	Study references
Symbol (WAIS)	4	117	116	− 0.70	0.13	− 0.960 to − 0.436	0.0001	2.63	0.45	0.00	Michiels et al.⁴⁰, Neu et al.^42,43, Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴
Symbol digit modalities test	4	90	75	− 0.59	0.16	− 0.898 to − 0.276	0.0001	1.61	0.66	0.00	Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Fiedler et al.²⁴, Krupp et al.³⁰, Lawrie et al.³¹
Stroop
Colors/words cotation 1	2	71	40	− 0.82	0.21	− 1.224 to − 0.412	0.0001	0.00	0.98	0.00	Marshall et al.³⁵, Robinson et al.⁴⁴
Colors/words cotation 2	2	58	58	− 0.76	0.19	− 1.134 to − 0.389	0.0001	0.76	0.38	0.00	Fiedler et al.²⁴, Metzger et al.⁵⁹
Colors	4	117	86	− 0.23	0.15	− 0.524 to 0.058	0.117	27.01	0.00	88.89	Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Marshall et al.³⁵, Ray et al.⁶⁰, Robinson et al.⁴⁴
Words	4	117	86	− 0.23	0.15	− 0.520 to 0.062	0.123	26.17	0.00	88.54	Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Marshall et al.³⁵, Ray et al⁶⁰, Robinson et al.⁴⁴
TMT A	9	285	225	0.40	0.09	0.222–0.578	0.0001	16.22	0.04	50.68	Claypoole et al.¹⁵, De Luca et al.²¹, Krupp et al.³⁰, Lawrie et al.³¹, Michiels et al.⁴⁰, Michiels et al.³⁹, Robinson et al.⁴⁴, Tiersky et al.⁵², Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

WAIS Wechsler adult intelligence scale, TMT trail making test, ME/CFS myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, N number.

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