Table 8 Long term memory: Hedge’s g effect sizes for each test, in descending order.

Episodic

Verbal modality

California verbal learning test T score List A (Trials 1–5)

7

231

214

− 0.50

0.10

− 0.691 to − 0.315

0.0001

11.29

0.08

46.86

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, De Luca et al.^21,22, Fiedler et al.²⁴, Michiels et al.³⁹, Tiersky et al.⁵², Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

California verbal learning test long delay free recall

7

263

246

− 0.36

0.09

− 0.534 to − 0.184

0.0001

9.59

0.14

37.46

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), De Luca et al.^21,22, Michiels et al.³⁹, Tiersky et al.⁵², Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

California verbal learning test short delay free recall

7

263

246

− 0.35

0.09

− 0.527 to − 0.179

0.0001

5.73

0.45

0.00

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), De Luca et al.^21,22, Michiels et al.³⁹, Tiersky et al.⁵², Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

California verbal learning test long delay cued recall

4

177

173

− 0.27

0.11

− 0.483 to − 0.064

0.01

2.40

0.49

0.00

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), De Luca et al.²¹, Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

California verbal learning test recognition

5

197

195

− 0.26

0.10

− 0.452 to − 0.058

0.011

1.80

0.77

0.00

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), De Luca et al.²¹, Michiels et al.³⁹, Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

California verbal learning test short delay cued recall

4

177

173

− 0.21

0.11

− 0.422 to − 0.004

0.045

3.37

0.34

11.11

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), De Luca et al.²¹, Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

Weschler logical memory 2

4

98

79

− 0.43

0.15

− 0.729 to − 0.137

0.004

1.15

0.77

0.00

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, De Luca et al.²¹, Grafman et al.²⁵, Tiersky et al.⁵²

Weschler logical memory 1

6

141

122

− 0.41

0.12

− 0.651 to − 0.166

0.001

5.98

0.31

16.43

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, De Luca et al.²¹, Grafman et al.²⁵, Krupp et al.³⁰, Short et al.⁴⁹, Tiersky et al.⁵²

Weschler verba paired associates 2

2

42

39

− 0.29

0.22

− 0.727 to 0.138

0.182

1.74

0.19

42.67

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Grafman et al.²⁵

Weschler verba paired associates 1

2

42

39

0.10

0.22

− 0.327 to 0.53

0.642

0.24

0.62

0.00

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Grafman et al.²⁵

Buschke selective reminding test

Long term retrieval

2

64

55

− 0.64

0.19

− 1.005 to − 0.274

0.001

0.05

0.82

0.00

Michiels et al.^40,41

Delayed recall

3

75

73

− 0.58

0.17

− 0.908 to − 0.259

0.0001

1.13

0.57

0.00

Krupp et al.³⁰, Marshall et al.³⁵, Michiels et al.⁴⁰

Long term storage

3

84

75

− 0.57

0.16

− 0.883 to − 0.256

0.0001

0.07

0.96

0.00

Marshall et al.³⁵, Michiels et al.^40,41

Delayed recognition

2

64

55

− 0.18

0.24

− 0.655 to 0.288

0.45

0.00

1.00

0.00

Michiels et al.^40,41

Rey auditory verbal learning test

Total 8

2

52

37

− 0.80

0.22

− 1.233 to − 0.360

0.0001

0.63

0.43

0.00

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Lawrie et al.³¹

Total 7

4

118

73

− 0.68

0.15

− 0.978 to − 0.373

0.0001

2.51

0.47

0.00

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Lawrie et al.³¹, Neu et al.⁴², Robinson et al.⁴⁴

Recognition

3

96

51

− 0.49

0.18

− 0.832 to − 0.139

0.006

2.79

0.25

28.30

Lawrie et al.³¹, Neu et al.⁴², Robinson et al.⁴⁴

Total 6

3

88

58

− 0.41

0.17

− 0.754 to − 0.075

0.017

2.10

0.35

4.96

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Neu et al.⁴², Robinson et al.⁴⁴

Total 1–5

4

118

73

− 0.41

0.15

− 0.707 to − 0.113

0.007

0.99

0.80

0.00

Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Lawrie et al.³¹, Neu et al.⁴², Robinson et al.⁴⁴

Visual modality

Rey Osterrieth complex figure recall 3 min (Cotation b)

3

92

71

− 0.67

0.16

− 0.979 to − 0.351

0.0001

0.17

0.92

0.00

De Luca et al.^21,22, Tiersky et al.⁵²

Rey Osterrieth complex figure recall 20 min (Cotation b)

2

62

51

− 0.64

0.19

− 1.013 to − 0.263

0.001

0.10

0.75

0.00

De Luca et al.^21,22

Rey Osterrieth complex figure recall 3 min (Cotation a)

5

196

198

− 0.22

0.10

− 0.421 to − 0.027

0.026

4.28

0.37

6.56

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), Claypoole et al.¹⁵, Short et al.⁴⁹, Vercoulen et al.⁵⁴

Rey Osterrieth complex figure recall 20 min (Cotation a)

3

122

122

− 0.06

0.13

− 0.313 to 0.185

0.616

1.77

0.41

0.00

Cockshell et al.¹⁷, Cockshell et al. (2014), Claypoole et al.¹⁵

Spatial recogniton memory (%)

2

101

157

− 0.32

0.13

− 0.568 to − 0.066

0.013

0.46

0.50

0.00

Capuron et al.¹³, Majer et al.³³

Pattern recognition memory (%)

2

101

157

− 0.04

0.13

− 0.286 to 0.214

0.776

1.55

0.21

35.58

Capuron et al.¹³, Majer et al.³³

Visual reproduction 1

2

38

35

− 0.57

0.23

− 1.028 to − 0.107

0.016

0.97

0.32

0.00

Fiedler et al.²⁴, Grafman et al.²⁵

Visual reproduction 2

2

38

35

− 0.47

0.23

− 0.924 to − 0.008

0.046

1.38

0.24

27.52

Fiedler et al.²⁴, Grafman et al.²⁵