Figure 1

(A) Hydroponic platform with roots directly submerged in nutrient media aerated with airstone (HP1) after seedling transplant (15 days after initiation of trial). (B) Highly vigrous growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in two pan hydroponic platform abbreviated as HP3. (C) Hydroponic platform HP2 (plant anchored in gravel) contaminated by algal growth (30 days after initiation of trial) and anthesis (65 days after initiation of trial). (D) Helianthus annuus accessions treated with high temperature in HP3 (Hydroponic platform in which plants anchored in glass ball (8 mm diameter). (E) A view of two pan hydroponic platform (HP3) sunflower accessions grown under osmotic stress. (F) Plant with disc floret showing the plants approaching their reproductive growth phase. (G) Differences among accession for root length i.e. C-291 reaching the root length of more than 1 m in HP3.