Table 2 Response of the sunflower germplasms for leaf gas exchange parameters under control and osmotic stress treatment in the hydroponic systems.

From: Development of a robust hydroponic method for screening of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions for tolerance to heat and osmotic stress

Hydroponic system

No. inbred line sown

Net photosynthesis rate (µ mol m−2 s−1)

Transpirational rate (E m mol m−2 s−1)

Water use efficiency

Stomatal conductance (gs µ mol m−2 s−1)

Leaf temperature (6°C)

Control

Osmotic stress

Control

Osmotic stress

Control

Osmotic stress

Control

Osmotic stress

Control

Osmotic stress

HP1

12

2.13c ± 0.93

1.52C ± 1.05

1.74c ± 0.72

1.18 c ± 0.36

1.22a ± 0.13

1.29b ± 0.11

0.18b ± 0.05

0.11c ± 0.03

24.32a ± 1.03

25.39a ± 1.14

HP2

12

4.18b ± 0.74

3.14B ± 1.23

3.92b ± 1.01

2.52 b ± 0.76

1.07a ± 0.11

1.25b ± 0.13

0.29b ± 0.19

0.21b ± 0.08

25.34a ± 0.94

25.82a ± 1.13

HP3

32

7.34a ± 2.19

4.88A ± 1.64

7.23a ± 1.39

3.52 a ± 0.81

1.02a ± 0.14

1.39a ± 0.18

0.67a ± 0.16

0.42 a ± 0.0

25.27a ± 1.10

25.62a ± 1.01

  1. HP1 = Hydroponic platform with roots directly submerged in nutrient media; HP2 = Two staged with gravel anchoring substrate, HP3 = Two staged with glass beads anchoring substrate.