Figure 2

Relative abundance of SCFA genes compared between lifestyle categories. Acetate and butyrate are significantly higher in each of the non-industrial populations as compared to the industrial populations. Propionate is significantly lower in the rural agriculturalists compared to all other lifestyles, whereas butyrate was significantly lower in abundance in rural agriculturalists compared to hunter gatherers and pastoralists. There were no significant differences between the European/North American (Europe + N.A.) and Central/East Asian industrial population, and likewise, no significant differences between pastoralists and hunter-gatherers for any of the SCFA genes. FDR adjusted p-values for all statistical comparisons can be found in Data File S1.