Table 2 Cox regression analysis for the risk of mortality.

From: Low serum total CO2 and its association with mortality in patients being followed up in the nephrology outpatients clinic

Model

Cox regression analysis

Instrumental variable analysis

HR

95% CI

P-value

HR

95% CI

P value

1

0.899

(0.893, 0.905)

 < 0.0001

0.554

(0.484, 0.635)

 < 0.0001

2

0.912

(0.906, 0.918)

 < 0.0001

0.486

(0.422, 0.559)

 < 0.0001

3

0.912

(0.906, 0.917)

 < 0.0001

0.485

(0.421, 0.559)

 < 0.0001

4

0.939

(0.933, 0.946)

 < 0.0001

0.559

(0.485, 0.643)

 < 0.0001

5

0.938

(0.931, 0.945)

 < 0.0001

0.559

(0.485, 0.644)

 < 0.0001

6

0.942

(0.935, 0.949)

 < 0.0001

0.559

(0.485, 0.644)

 < 0.0001

  1. Model 1: TCO2 only.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + sex, age, history of hypertension and diabetes.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + usage of sodium bicarbonate.
  4. Model 4: Model 2 + baseline kidney function as MDRD-GFR.
  5. Model 5: Model 4 + usage of sodium bicarbonate.
  6. Model 6: Model 5 + RAAS blockades + Diuretics group.
  7. CI confidence interval, ESRD end-stage renal disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HR hazard ratio, MDRD modification of diet in renal disease, TCO2 total CO2.
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