Figure 1

(a) Current density and luminance versus applied voltage curves of QLEDs. (J–L–V) Inset shows a schematic illustration of the QLEDs under forward bias for the light emission. (b) Electroluminescence spectra of QLEDs. Inset shows the light emitting QLEDs. (c) Energy level diagram of the QLEDs measured from UPS. The concentration of V2O5 was 1 wt%.