Figure 3

Measured V 2p_3/2 and O 1s core level spectra of (a), (d) 1 wt% V₂O₅ film on ITO, (b), (e) 3 wt% V₂O₅ film on ITO, and (c), (f) 5 wt% V₂O₅ film on ITO. In the V 2p core-level spectra, the ratio of V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ are shown, while the ratio of oxygen binding ratio with V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ is shown in O 1s core-level spectra.