Figure 4

PVDR (full lines, left y-axis) and mean dose (dashed lines, right y-axis) for the heterogeneous (blue and yellow) vs. homogeneous (red) irradiation with planar (a) or pencil (b) unidirectional, two opposite (2-dir, c and d), and four-directional (4-dir, e) minibeams. The mean dose varies due to the dose modulation differences to fulfill the minimum dose constraint within the tumor. The required fD for different ctcs’ are plotted in Fig. 6 as an example for 2-dir planar minibeams.