Table 1 Participants’ demographics and characteristics in Group 1a and 1b (discovery and training samples, respectively). Characteristics of the participants for the genome-wide methylation array (a) and for the validation using pyrosequencing and amplicon bisulfite sequencing (b). Statistical analyses performed using the EZR software (version 1.37) (http://www.jichi.ac.jp/saitama-sct/SaitamaHP.files/statmedEN.html). Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05 compared to HC. ^#p < 0.05 compared to AOD.

(a)

No. of subjects

30

10

25

Sex (Male/Female)

13/17

5/5

9/16

Age (years)

63.3 ± 8.0

56.0 ± 6.8*

61.8 ± 7.5

Age at onset (years)

–

35.7 ± 8.9

57.8 ± 6.7^#

Total duration of all MDD episodes (months)

–

7.0 ± 6.4

13.2 ± 16.4

Number of episodes

–

3.0 ± 1.7

2.1 ± 2.1

Number of WBCs

4928 ± 1430

4757 ± 1495

5109 ± 1773

Neutrophils (%)

58.1 ± 8.7

58.4 ± 9.1

63.9 ± 6.6*

Lymphocytes (%)

33.2 ± 8.1

33.1 ± 7.5

28.3 ± 6.4

Eosinophils (%)

3.0 ± 1.7

3.0 ± 2.1

2.4 ± 2.0

Basophils (%)

0.45 ± 0.25

0.51 ± 0.29

0.55 ± 0.53

Monocytes (%)

5.2 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 1.5

4.8 ± 1.0

SIGH-D

0.7 ± 0.9

21.7 ± 2.2*

22.4 ± 4.3*

Equivalent dose of imipramine (mg)

–

221 ± 131

183 ± 147

(b)

No. of subjects

10

10

10

Sex (Male/Female)

5/5

5/5

5/5

Age (years)

59.7 ± 6.2

56.0 ± 6.8

59.2 ± 4.6

Age at onset (years)

–

35.7 ± 8.9

55.5 ± 4.5^#

Total duration of all MDD episodes (months)

–

7.0 ± 6.4

21.8 ± 22.5

Number of episodes

–

3.0 ± 1.7

2.3 ± 2.5

Number of WBCs

5171 ± 1180

4757 ± 1495

5333 ± 1667

Neutrophils (%)

59.9 ± 9.0

58.4 ± 9.1

60.5 ± 6.3

Lymphocytes (%)

32.3 ± 8.8

33.1 ± 7.5

32.3 ± 5.7

Eosinophils (%)

2.4 ± 1.7

3.0 ± 2.1

1.9 ± 2.0

Basophils (%)

0.48 ± 0.28

0.51 ± 0.29

0.42 ± 0.30

Monocytes (%)

4.9 ± 1.5

5.0 ± 1.5

4.9 ± 1.1

SIGH-D

0.7 ± 0.7

21.7 ± 2.2*

23.0 ± 4.7*

Equivalent dose of imipramine (mg)

–

221 ± 131

218 ± 198