Table 1 Clinical features of the study population.
From: Placental and maternal sFlt1/PlGF expression in gestational diabetes mellitus
|  | CTRL (n = 17) | GDM (n = 27) | GDM-PE (n = 22) | PE (n = 17) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nulliparus (%) | 29 | 30 | 45 | 53 | > 0.05 |
Maternal age at delivery (years) | 31.8 ± 1.1 (24–40) | 34.3 ± 0.8 (27–44) | 34.9 ± 0.9 (23–43) | 32.6 ± 1.1 (26–40) | > 0.05 |
Caucasian ethnicity (%) | 100 | 100 | 95 | 100 | > 0.05 |
Cigarette smoking (%) | 5.9 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 0 | > 0.05 |
Alcohol (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | > 0.05 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 22.7 ± 0.8 | 27.4 ± 1.3 | 30.6 ± 2.6# | 26.8 ± 1.1 | GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (%) | 24 | 52# | 64# | 65# | GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.01 GDM vs CTRL: p = 0.049 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.01 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (%) | 0 | 26# | 55*# | 29# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.049 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 GDM vs CTRL: p = 0.02 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.01 |
Delivery BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 0.8 | 30.5 ± 1.2 | 33.8 ± 1.6# | 30.4 ± 1.1 | GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.005 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 122.5 ± 2.3 | 129.7 ± 2.2 | 167 ± 5.1*# | 163.4 ± 6.1*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 71.4 ± 2.1 | 75.1 ± 1.5 | 100.7 ± 2.5*# | 99.1 ± 3.6*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 |
Proteinuria (g/24 h) | Absent | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 2.30 ± 0.5*# | 3.05 ± 0.7*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.001 PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 |
A/REDF (%) | 0 | 0 | 18.2* | 29.4*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.01 PE vs GDM: p = 0.02 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.03 |
Pathological uterine doppler (%) | 0 | 0 | 18.2* | 41.2*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.03 PE vs GDM: p = 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.003 |
Therapy (%) | Absent | Diet: 63 Insulin: 37 | Diet: 73 Insulin: 27 | Absent | > 0.05 |
Caesarian section (%) | 53 | 52 | 95.4*# | 76.5 | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.001 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.002 |
Hematocrit (%) | 34.9 ± 0.7 | 35.6 ± 0.7 | 33.6 ± 0.8 | 34.2 ± 0.7 | p > 0.05 |
Platelet (× 103/μl) | 244.7 ± 13.1 | 250.6 ± 14.3 | 252.1 ± 17.1 | 189.1 ± 18.2* | PE vs GDM: p = 0.048 |
AST (U/l) | 17.3 ± 0.7 | 15.0 ± 0.7 | 22.2 ± 3.3 | 33.6 ± 9.4* | PE vs GDM: p = 0.04 |
ALT (U/l) | 11.4 ± 1.0 | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 18.4 ± 3.7 | 27.6 ± 9.2 | p > 0.05 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 456.7 ± 19.5 | 519.7 ± 24.7 | 522.1 ± 22.7 | 486.9 ± 20.6 | p > 0.05 |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.4 ± 0.2 (36–41) | 38.2 ± 0.3 (33–41) | 34.6 ± 0.7*# (28–40) | 33.9 ± 1*# (26–39) | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.004 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.001 PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 |
Placental weight (g) | 556.5 ± 20.7 | 514.1 ± 22.3 | 417.3 ± 31# | 380.3 ± 38.3*# | GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.007 PE vs GDM: p = 0.009 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.001 |
Birth weight (g) | 3346.2 ± 92.8 | 3112 ± 100 | 2108.6 ± 198.4*# | 1866.3 ± 237.3*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 PE vs GDM: p < 0.001 PE vs CTRL: p < 0.001 |
Apgar < 7 at 5 min (%) | 0 | 3.7 | 18.2 | 29.4 | p > 0.05 |
NICU admission (%) | 0 | 7.4 | 31.8*# | 41.2*# | GDM-PE vs GDM: p = 0.03 GDM-PE vs CTRL: p = 0.01 PE vs GDM: p = 0.01 PE vs CTRL: p = 0.003 |
Fetal sex (%) | |||||
Male | 29.4 | 59.3 | 40.0 | 35.0 | > 0.05 |
Female | 70.6 | 40.7 | 60.0 | 65.0 | > 0.05 |
