Table 3 Cardiovascular variables and organ volumes as evaluated with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging at rest, at end of apnea with maximal expiration and at end of 240 s of apnea with glossopharyngeal insufflation (GPI) in 8 elite breath-hold divers.

Parameter	Rest	End of apnea with max expiration	End of apnea with GPI	P-value: GPI compared to rest
LV EDV, ml	198 ± 8	199 ± 16	119 ± 6 *	P < 0.001
LV ESV, ml	81 ± 5	87 ± 7	58 ± 4 *	P < 0.001
LV SV, ml	117 ± 4	113 ± 10	60 ± 3 *	P < 0.001
LV CO, l/min	7.4 ± 0.4	7.3 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.4 *	P < 0.001
LV EF, %	59 ± 1	56 ± 1	51 ± 2 *	P = 0.003
RV EDV, ml	207 ± 8	202 ± 16	128 ± 7 *	P < 0.001
RV ESV, ml	93 ± 6	93 ± 6	73 ± 5 *	P < 0.001
RV SV, ml	114 ± 4	109 ± 10	56 ± 3 *	P < 0.001
RV EF, %	55 ± 1	53 ± 1	44 ± 1 *	P < 0.001
LA EDV, ml	35 ± 3	37 ± 8	24 ± 2 *	P = 0.013
LA ESV, ml	79 ± 5	102 ± 6 *	46 ± 5 *	P < 0.042
RA EDV, ml	56 ± 9	59 ± 10	29 ± 4 *	P = 0.009
RA ESV, ml	104 ± 12	131 ± 10	40 ± 4 *	P < 0.001
BOLD, ms	33.7 ± 2.8	NA	32.6 ± 1.9	P = 0.453
LVWT, mm	7.5 ± 0.44	NA	9.8 ± 0.51	P < 0.005

Values are means ± Standard Error of Means. *P < 0.05 vs. rest.
GPI glossopharyngeal, insufflation; LV left ventricular; RV right ventricular; EDV end-diastolic volume; ESV end-systolic volume; SV stroke volume; CO cardiac output; EF ejection fraction; LA left atrial volume; RA right atrial volume; BOLD blood oxygen level dependent, LVWT left ventricular wall thickness.

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