Table 2 Results of the logistic regression analysis: Prediction of new onset of depression at follow-up (based on predictors measured at baseline 5 years earlier, including CRP ≥ 3 mg/l).

From: Inflammation predicts new onset of depression in men, but not in women within a prospective, representative community cohort

Predictors

OR

95% CI

p

Inflammation

CRP ≥ 3 mg/l

1.58

1.10; 2.26

0.013

Interaction: CRP by gender (women)*

0.55

0.033; 0.91

0.021

Sociodemographic information

Gender (women)

1.34

1.02; 1.74

0.03

Age

0.98

0.97; 0.99

 < 0.001

Living with partner

1.14

0.84; 1.55

0.40

Socioeconomic status

0.99

0.96; 1.02

0.06

Physical health and health behavior

Diabetes

1.34

0.84; 2.12

0.22

CVD

1.15

0.75; 1.77

0.53

Cancer

1.38

0.92; 2.07

0.12

Obesity

0.88

0.66; 1.17

0.37

Smoker

1.40

1.07; 1.83

0.013

Physical activity

1.00

1.00; 1.00

0.81

Alcohol > recom. limit

0.83

0.64; 1.09

0.18

Loneliness

1.83

1.33; 2.52

 < 0.001

PHQ-9 sum (baseline)

1.47

1.40; 1.54

 < 0.001

  1. Bold values indicate statistically significant predictors.
  2. Total model: Nagelkerke R2 = 0.37.
  3. CI confidence interval; CRP C-reactive protein; CVD cardiovascular disease, OR odds ratio, PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire-9.
  4. *The odds ratio of the interaction term is a ratio of odds ratios (ROR). The OR for CRP > 3 mg/l of 1.58 is to be interpreted as the OR for men with elevated CRP. The OR for women with elevated CRP can be calculated from the ROR and the above OR for men as 1.58 × 0.55 = 0.87.
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