Table 1 Wild bee survey data (abundance, species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity, and species evenness) and fruit count data in response to wildflower strip (WF) and hive presence/absence, year, and/or season.
Response | WF | Hive | Year | WF*Year | Hive*Year | WF*Hive | WF*Hive*Year | Season |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wild bee abundance | P = 0.42 | Z = − 2.41 P = 0.016 | P = 0.86 | –α | P = 0.087 | –α | –α | P = 0.13 |
Wild bee richness | P = 0.50 | Z = − 2.03, P = 0.042 | P = 0.50 | –α | P = 0.098 | –α | –α | Z = 2.45, P = 0.014 |
Wild bee diversity | P = 0.42 | P = 0.45 | P = 0.085 | –α | –α | –α | –α | Z = 3.10, P = 0.0031 |
Wild bee evenness | P = 0.81 | P = 0.65 | P = 0.88 | –α | –α | –α | –α | Z = 2.08, P = 0.043 |
Strawberry fruit count | Z = 2.10, P = 0.036 | Z = 2.43, P = 0.015 | Z = 5.77, P < 0.001 | Z = − 2.02, P = 0.043 | –α | –α | –α | |
Winter squash fruit count | P = 0.60 | P = 0.34 | Z = − 3.15, P = 0.0017 | –α | Z = − 2.60, P = 0.0093 | –β | –β |
