Figure 3

Mechanical parameters, fluidity, and size determinations for RBCs at different D-glucose concentrations. (a, b) Fluctuation amplitude distribution. (c, d) Bending modulus (κ distribution. (e, f) Tension module (σ). Data were obtained at spots \({S}_{|V\rangle }\) (a, c, e) and \({S}_{|H\rangle }\) (b, d,, f). Three concentrations of D-glucose were used: 5.5 mM (brown), 12.5 mM (yellow) and 25 mM (green). (g) A representative example of an amplitude signal versus time in seconds (Matlab ver. 2018b). The moving mean is highlighted in green, and the moving standard deviation is a dashed black curve. (h) Simultaneous tension values for both spots \({S}_{|V\rangle }\) (mustard) and \({S}_{|H\rangle }\) (green) obtained in individual RBCs. (i) Representative Laurdan GP images for the three D-glucose concentrations used (ImageJ ver. 1.46o). An arbitrary color scale is used for the GP values ranging between − 1 and + 1. (j) Fluidity (GP values) for individual RBC versus D-glucose concentration (N = 125 for each treatment). (k) Erythrocyte size for individual RBCs (N = 112 for each treatment) for the three D-glucose treatments. For the ANOVA test, the following parameters were used for P-value confidences. ‘**’ P = 0.001 up to 0.01, or 99%; ‘****’ is P < 0.0001, > 99.9%; and ns means ‘no significance’. The calculations of P-values, mean values and mechanical parameters were performed with these non-artifact data, which are RAW data. Symbols: from the ANOVA test (GraphPad Prism ver. 7), we used P-value confidences. 90% corresponds to P-values between 0.05 and 0.1; ‘*’ is P = 0.01 up to 0.05 of confidence, or 95%; ‘**’ is P = 0.001 up to 0.01, or 99%; ‘***’ is P = 0.0001 up to 0.001 or 99.9%; ‘****’ is P < 0.0001, > 99.9%; and ns means ‘no significance’.