Table 10 The performance of the explainers on different modalities (Second Layer).

From: A multilayer multimodal detection and prediction model based on explainable artificial intelligence for Alzheimer’s disease

Explainer

No. of features

Model

Exp. (%)

Precision

Recall

Accuracy

F1-score

Exp. measures

Cognitive scores based

12

DT

38 (77.55)

0.824

0.824

0.824

0.824

NL = 25; S = 49

FURIA

38 (77.55)

0.847

0.847

0.847

0.847

NR = 9

Genetics based

5

DT

32 (65.31)

0.729

0.721

0.721

0.720

NL = 7; S = 13

FURIA

33 (67.35)

0.729

0.728

0.728

0.728

NR = 5

Lab tests based

41

DT

28 (57.14)

0.528

0.526

0.526

0.526

NL = 58; S = 115

FURIA

30 (61.22)

0.574

0.574

0.574

0.574

NR = 20

Medical history based

27

DT

29 (59.18)

0.590

0.590

0.590

0.589

NL = 51; S = 95

FURIA

31 (63.27)

0.643

0.643

0.643

0.643

NR = 3

MRI based

8

DT

30 (61.22)

0.732

0.721

0.721

0.720

NL = 12; S = 23

FURIA

33 (67.35)

0.687

0.686

0.686

0.687

NR = 6

Neurological exams based

12

DT

23 (46.94)

0.492

0.515

0.515

0.429

NL = 9; S = 17

FURIA

24 (48.98)

0.457

0.497

0.497

0.417

NR = 3

Neuropsychological battery based

35

DT

31 (63.27)

0.693

0.693

0.693

0.693

NL = 52; S = 103

FURIA

35 (71.43)

0.764

0.762

0.762

0.762

NR = 11

PET based

3

DT

31 (63.27)

0.680

0.677

0.677

0.677

NL = 8; S = 15

FURIA

34 (69.39)

0.710

0.709

0.709

0.709

NR = 4

Physical exams based

10

DT

31 (63.27)

0.552

0.542

0.542

0.537

NL = 14; S = 27

FURIA

29 (59.18)

0.534

0.529

0.529

0.526

NR = 5

Symptoms based

27

DT

27 (55.10)

0.531

0.524

0.524

0.520

NL = 20; S = 39

FURIA

32 (65.31)

0.556

0.547

0.547

0.542

NR = 4

Vital signs based

8

DT

24 (48.98)

0.519

0.526

0.526

0.461

NL = 4; S = 7

FURIA

31 (63.27)

0.523

0.526

0.526

0.519

NR = 3

  1. Exp. measures, explainability measure; NL, number of leaves; S, size of the tree; NR, number of rules; Exp. (%), the number of explained cases (percentage of coverage); values in bold indicate the best performance.