Table 2 Characteristics of study population grouped by tertiles of hemoglobin.

From: Elevated hemoglobin is independently associated with enlarged perivascular spaces in the central semiovale

 

Tertiles of hemoglobin

P value

Tertile 1 (< 132) (n = 132)

Tertile 2 (132–146) (n = 134)

Tertile 3 (> 146) (n = 135)

Age, years, median (IQR)

69 (61–80)

69 (63–76)

62 (53–69)

0.000

Gender, male, n (%)

58 (43.9)

93 (69.4)

122 (90.4)

0.000

BMI, median (IQR)

23.41 (20.90–25.12)

24.02 (21.78–25.71)

24.49 (22.04–26.35)

0.007

Hypertension, n (%)

87 (65.9)

97 (72.4)

92 (68.1)

0.510

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

50 (37.9)

64 (47.8)

60 (44.4)

0.255

Hypercholesterolemia, n (%)

42 (31.8)

58 (43.3)

64 (47.4)

0.028

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

29 (22.0)

24 (17.9)

15 (11.1)

0.057

Current smoking, n (%)

32 (24.2)

60 (44.8)

78 (57.8)

0.000

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

17 (12.9)

32 (23.9)

49 (36.3)

0.000

TC, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.26 (3.62–5.05)

4.41 (3.78–5.06)

4.58 (3.90–5.33)

0.077

TG, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.25 (0.91–1.70)

1.41 (1.04–1.87)

1.71 (1.20–2.37)

0.000

HDL-c, mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.13 (0.97–1.38)

1.11 (0.92–1.36)

1.02 (0.85–1.24)

0.005

LDL-c, mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.73 (2.05–3.27)

2.92 (2.25–3.40)

3.08 (2.43–3.62)

0.013

Apo A-I, median (IQR)

1.23 ( (1.07–1.40)

1.21 (1.09–1.41)

1.19 (1.07–1.33)

0.337

Apo B, median (IQR)

0.90 (0.74–1.09)

0.98 (0.79–1.13)

1.03 (0.86–1.19)

0.001

HbA1C, median (IQR)

5.9 (5.5–7.1)

6.1 (5.8–7.4)

6.15 (5.8–8.6)

0.018

FPG, mmol/L, median (IQR)

5.7 (5.05–7.3)

5.85 (5.00–7.4)

6.1 (5.1–9.45)

0.214

Hcy, median (IQR)

12.15 (9.13–14.78)

12.50 (10.70–16.80)

12.70 (10.50–15.28)

0.144

Lacunes, median (IQR)

0 (0–1.75)

0 (0–2)

0 (0–1)

0.862

PVWMH, median (IQR)

2 (1–2)

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.021

DWMH, median (IQR)

1 (0–1.75)

1 (1–2)

1 (0–1)

0.044

BG-EPVS, median (IQR)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

0.492

CS-EPVS, median (IQR)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–2)

0.000

Total EPVS, median (IQR)

2 (1–2)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

0.006

  1. IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo A-I apolipoprotein A-I, Apo B apolipoprotein B, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, FPG fasting plasma glucose, Hcy homocysteine, PVWMH periventricular white matter hyperintensities, DWMH deep white matter hyperintensities, EPVS enlarged perivascular spaces, BG basal ganglia, CS centrum semiovale.
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