Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Non-linearity of end-systolic pressure–volume relation in afterload increases is caused by an overlay of shortening deactivation and the Frank–Starling mechanism

Figure 4

Slope (Ees) and x-axis intercept (V0) of the ESPVR (a, b) and slope (Mw) and x-axis intercept (Vw) of the PRSW (c, d) derived from a preload reduction (VLoad normal), the two phases of an increase in afterload (PLoad bilin1 and PLoad bilin2) and a preload reduction of an augmented afterload level (PLoad high). The increases in afterload were achieved by either occlusion of the ascending aorta (ASC) or inflation of a balloon catheter in the descending aorta (DESC). (Mean values ± SD; *p < 0.05 vs. VLoad normal, #p < 0.05 vs. DESC).

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