Table 1 Body and serum parameters of ovariectomized (Ovx) or Sham operated rats, fed a control (C) or lard-enriched (L) diet, subjected or not to oestrogen replacement therapy (E2).

Initial body weight (g)

264.7 ± 5.2

263.0 ± 3.7

263.5 ± 5.0

266.6 ± 4.2

272.8 ± 3.7

261.5 ± 4.3

Final body weight (g)

280.8 (272.3–285.7)

338.0 (336.0–339.5)*

335.7 (325.8–337.0)*

326.3 (307.1–343.4)

410.2 (377.0–418.1)*^#$

381.3 (357.2–418.1)*^&$

Feed efficiency (g/Kcal)

2.7 ± 0.5

13.5 ± 0.6*

11.9 ± 0.8*

5.8 ± 1.0

17.3 ± 0.8*^$

15.2 ± 1.8*^$

Uterus (g)

0.4 ± 0.0

0.1 ± 0.0*

0.2 ± 0.0*

0.5 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1*

0.2 ± 0.1*

RET mass (g/100 g)

1.1 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.2*

1.7 ± 0.1*

2.2 ± 0.1*

2.8 ± 0.2*^#

2.7 ± 0.2*^&

Leptin (ng/mL)

2.1 (1.8–2.6)

10.0 (7.8–12.5)*

5.9 (4.4–9.8)

5.2 (2.6–8.9)

12.5 (9.7–13.5)*^$

13.8 (10.4–14.6)*^$

Adiponectin (µg/mL)

5.6 (4.3–7.1)

8.0 (7.2–9.3)

7.6 (6.8–8.5)

5.8 (4.9–6.9)

7.1 (5.9–8.1)

6.2 (4.9–7.2)

Leptin/Adiponectin

0.4 (0.2–0.5)

1.4 (1.0–1.9)*

0.8 (0.6–0.9)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

1.6 (1.4–1.8)*^$

1.8 (1.6–2.0)*^&$

Glucose (mg/dL)

92.8 ± 2.9

105.7 ± 6.3

103.8 ± 6.2

107.2 ± 3.9

110.3 ± 6.3*

120.4 ± 5.2*^&

Insulin (ng/mL)

0.5 ± 0.0

2.3 ± 0.20*

1.3 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

2.1 ± 0.2*

2.2 ± 0.1*

HOMA-IR

3.1 (2.3–4.2)

14.37(12.0–19.0)*

7.9 (6.2–8.2)

9.4 (7.5–11.6)

16.3 (12.0–19.0)*

18.4 (6.9–22.7)*^&$

HOMA-β

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)*

0.2 (0.2–0.4)

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

0.5 (0.2–0.6)*

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

115.4 (104.9–121.7)

140.8 (119.0–193.1)

126.3 (119.8–133.9)

102.4 (92.5–106.2)

99.5 (95.4–112.7)

110.5 (91.2–121.2)

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

205.7 (179.0–251.9)

163.1 (146.1–174.0)

142.3 (135.5–157.6)

190.8 (179.1–215.4)

152.3 (145.1–184.0)

149.3 (125.5–156.6)

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

99.1 (94.6–108.2)

111.2 (105.3–118.8)

122.5 (107.7–220.4)

88.61 (80.7–113.4)

105.6 (86.7–115.8)

98.8 (91.6–117.6)