Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to living arrangement.
Living together | Living alone | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 10,360,703 | 1,325,974 | |
Age (years) | 49.9 ± 7.0 | 51.3 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male) | 4,707,674 (45.4) | 630,479 (47.6) | < 0.001 |
Duration of living alone (years) | < 0.001 | ||
< 1 | · | 220,023 (16.6) | |
1–7 | · | 177,732 (83.4) | |
Current smoker | 2,128,018 (20.5) | 381,673 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
Heavy alcohol drinker | 752,237 (7.3) | 120,802 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
Regular exerciser | 2,000,563 (19.3) | 246,948 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
Income (lower 20%) | 2,034,083 (19.6) | 500,740 (37.8) | < 0.001 |
Residential area (metropolitan) | 4,873,667 (47.1) | 583,077 (44.0) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 162.4 ± 8.4 | 162.1 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 63.1 ± 10.6 | 62.8 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 80.0 ± 8.6 | 80.3 ± 8.8 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 14.8 | 122.7 ± 15.3 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 10.2 | 77.0 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93.7 ± 11.2 | 94.1 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.4 ± 36.1 | 201.4 ± 37.3 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 112.4 (112.3–112.4) | 118.3 (118.2–118.4) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.9 ± 19.8 | 56.1 ± 19.2 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.4 ± 41.1 | 118.7 ± 41.3 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 2,531,105 (24.4) | 362,855 (27.4) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 2,006,990 (19.4) | 295,165 (22.3) | < 0.001 |
