Table 2 Effect of transgenerational water stress on morphological traits and grain quality traits measured at harvest for two durum wheat genotypes. Means ± SE for n = 10 are shown for morphological traits. Means ± SE for n = 4 are shown for grain quality traits. Different letters (a, b, c) denote statistically significant differences among treatment groups within each genotype, using least significant difference (LSD) when P < 0.05. The treatment groups are: AtCC (DBA Artemis control group parents, progeny treated with control), AtCW (DBA Artemis control group parents, progeny treated with water-deficit stress), AtWC (DBA Artemis water-deficit stress group parents, progeny treated with control), AtWW (DBA Artemis water-deficit stress group parents, progeny treated with water-deficit stress); AuCC (DBA Aurora control group parents, progeny treated with control), AuCW (DBA Aurora control group parents, progeny treated with water-deficit stress), AuWC (DBA Aurora water-deficit stress group parents, progeny treated with control), AuWW (DBA Aurora water-deficit stress group parents, progeny treated with water-deficit stress).
Plant height (cm) | Tiller number | Fertile tiller number | Main spike length (cm) | Grain protein content (GPC%) | Total starch content (TSC%) | Flour yellowness (*b) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AtCC | 74.37 ± 1.24 a | 6.10 ± 0.31 b | 6.00 ± 0.26 b | 9.27 ± 0.13 | 11.55 ± 0.13 c | 61.14 ± 0.88 | 22.74 ± 0.39 a |
AtCW | 69.25 ± 0.76 b | 4.90 ± 0.23 c | 4.80 ± 0.20 c | 9.18 ± 0.09 | 14.83 ± 1.05 ab | 57.76 ± 1.27 | 21.46 ± 0.25 b |
AtWC | 66.83 ± 1.28 bc | 7.25 ± 0.31 a | 7.00 ± 0.38 a | 8.94 ± 0.25 | 13.05 ± 0.32 bc | 59.13 ± 1.30 | 23.22 ± 0.26 a |
AtWW | 64.30 ± 1.15 c | 5.78 ± 0.40 bc | 5.33 ± 0.37 bc | 8.61 ± 0.28 | 15.21 ± 0.77 a | 57.17 ± 1.02 | 22.78 ± 0.28 a |
F pr | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.091 | 0.008 | 0.116 | 0.008 |
LSD | 3.209 | 0.918 | 0.869 | n.a | 2.071 | n.a | 0.919 |
AuCC | 72.11 ± 1.61 | 7.00 ± 0.42 a | 6.80 ± 0.42 a | 8.08 ± 0.17 | 12.99 ± 0.55 bc | 55.73 ± 0.89 | 21.16 ± 0.23 a |
AuCW | 69.97 ± 0.84 | 4.90 ± 0.35 b | 4.60 ± 0.40 b | 8.40 ± 0.20 | 15.39 ± 1.28 a | 53.72 ± 2.66 | 20.09 ± 0.22 b |
AuWC | 71.48 ± 1.11 | 6.20 ± 0.44 a | 6.10 ± 0.41 a | 8.47 ± 0.15 | 12.25 ± 0.20 c | 53.78 ± 1.59 | 20.54 ± 0.37 ab |
AuWW | 73.07 ± 1.05 | 4.90 ± 0.23 b | 4.80 ± 0.20 b | 8.08 ± 0.17 | 15.08 ± 0.61 ab | 51.82 ± 2.04 | 19.88 ± 0.22 b |
F pr | 0.322 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.258 | 0.033 | 0.571 | 0.025 |
LSD | n.a | 1.062 | 1.053 | n.a | 2.357 | n.a | 0.827 |
