Table 2 Primary analyses for the event rate and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of study outcomes for intermediate-acting human insulin versus long-acting insulin analogue (reference group).

From: A nationwide cohort study for comparative vascular safety of long-acting insulin analogue versus intermediate-acting human insulin in type 2 diabetes

Complications

Event rate per 1,000 person-years (no. of events)

Adjusted HRc (95% CI)

IAHI (nb = 8479)

LAIA (nb = 8479)

Composite CVDs

7.59 (49)

4.56 (56)

1.79 (1.20–2.67)

Three-point MACEa

3.86 (25)

2.52 (31)

1.75 (1.01–3.04)

Microvascular diseases

1167.66 (4000)

1069.98 (5128)

0.88 (0.84–0.91)

Nephropathy

411.81 (2054)

309.94 (2656)

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

Retinopathy

408.90 (1983)

406.76 (3073)

0.85 (0.80–0.90)

Neuropathy

243.95 (1338)

172.81 (1720)

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

Hospitalized hypoglycemia

37.87 (240)

19.51 (236)

1.82 (1.51–2.20)

All-cause mortality

2.32 (15)

1.87 (23)

1.72 (0.87–3.42)

Fatal CVD

1.24 (8)

1.62 (20)

1.16 (0.49–2.75)

  1. IAHI, intermediate-acting human insulin; LAIA, long-acting insulin analogue; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events.
  2. aThree-point MACE included non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and death due to cardiovascular diseases.
  3. b “n” refers to the number of stable use sets.
  4. cThe variables adjusted in these analyses were age, gender, hospital grade, history of retinopathy, and cerebrovascular disease, which are shown to be statistically different between IAHI and LAIA users at baseline (in terms of standardized mean difference value of > 0.1) in Table 1.
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