Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants in the first and fifth quintile groups of urinary propyl-paraben levels.

From: The potential pathways underlying the association of propyl-paraben exposure with aeroallergen sensitization and EASI score using metabolomics analysis

Variables

Children in the first quintile of urine propyl paraben (n = 91)

Children in the fifth quintile of urine propyl paraben (n = 91)

P value

Age, years ± SD

10.9 ± 0.8

11.0 ± 0.8

0.443

Gender, n (%)

  

0.455

 Female

37 (40.7)

43 (47.3)

 

 Male

54 (59.3)

48 (52.7)

 

BMI categories*, n (%)

  

0.745

 Normal

75 (82.4)

78 (85.7)

 

 Overweight

10 (11.0)

7 (7.7)

 

 Obese

6 (6.6)

6 (6.6)

 

Aeroallergen sensitization†, n (%)

  

0.034

 No

45 (50.6)

31 (34.8)

 

 Yes

44 (49.4)

58 (65.2)

 

Atopic dermatitis‡, n (%)

  

0.430

 No

78 (85.7)

73 (80.2)

 

 Yes

13 (14.3)

18 (19.8)

 

EASI score, n (%)

  

0.061

 Negative

82 (90.1)

73 (80.2)

 

 Positive

9 (9.9)

18 (19.8)

 

Chitinase 3-like protein 1, ng/mL, median [IQR]

21.2 [16.6–28.2]

20.0 [16.0–28.6]

0.694

Periostin level, ng/mL, median [IQR]

31.4 [22.5–39.0]

38.4 [28.2–43.0]

0.008

  1. BMI body mass index, EASI Eczema Area and Severity Index, IQR Interquartile range, SD standard deviation.
  2. *BMI categories were classified using the BMI z-score. Obesity was defined as a BMI z-score of ≥ 1.62 and overweight was defined as 1.03 ≤ BMI z-score ≤ 1.61.
  3. ‡AD was defined as the presence of AD symptoms in the preceding 12 months.
  4. †Missing = 4.
  5. Data in bold means statistically significant values (P < 0.05).
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