Figure 2

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity. Malondialdehyde concentration and catalase activity in P. pinaster leaf tissues 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi) with the pinewood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus. Plants were inoculated 14 days following the application of 0.5% acetic acid (without chitosan, non-elicited controls) or a chitosan solution to plants’ substrate. Data represents the difference between the averages of PWN-inoculated and water-inoculated plants ± SE, and different letters indicate statistically different means at P < 0.05.