Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Chitosan increases Pinus pinaster tolerance to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by promoting plant antioxidative metabolism

Figure 4

Total phenolic compounds and lignin. Total phenolic compounds and lignin concentrations in P. pinaster stem tissues 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi) with the pinewood nematode (PWN) B. xylophilus. Plants were inoculated 14 days following the application of 0.5% acetic acid (without chitosan, non-elicited controls) or a chitosan solution to plants’ substrate. Data represents the difference between the averages of PWN-inoculated and water-inoculated plants ± SE, and different letters indicate statistically different means at P < 0.05.

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